Wednesday, May 27, 2020

Leadership - Ministry of Defence (MOD) - Free Essay Example

Abstract As an organisation the Ministry of Defence (MOD) is like any other organisation in that they have to implement training and development strategy. This strategy will be a driving force in the success of that organisation. The need for training must be identified and communicated to all individuals within the organisation. This training and development must be relevant and contribute to the growth of both the individual and the organisation. This assignment identifies how good management of training contributes to the success of the training and development, the importance of recognising that individuals have differing learning styles and that training does not come in a one size fits all approach. This, along with applying a balanced approach to training by incorporating multiple delivery methods will increase the effectiveness of the organisations training and development strategy. 1 Introduction 1.1 Executive Summary Learning is one of the most fundamental functions of human beings, it is a measure of growth. This growth can either be in individuals, organisations, or society, it can be the defining element of any of these groups as to whatever they success or fail. The importance of the management of training within the organization should not be overlooked. This needs to be incorpor ated within the organisations HRM strategy and must be used with a top down approach and incorporated at all levels within the organization. It is recommended that the management of training within the workplace adopts a planned and systematic approach, (Mullins, 2001, p.504). As the organisation needs to ensure that the full benefits of the training are achieve. This management of employee training like most management strategies needs to be grasped at the strategic level so it can be filtered down through the organisation. Learning styles/preferences of both trainers and trainees plays a crucial part in the success of training being delivered. Trainers need to be aware that all trainees learn differently and more importantly be aware that their own learning style or preference will have an impact on how training is delivered. It is recommended that organisations need to understand the criticality that learning styles have on the training aspect of the organisations Human Resour ce Management (HRM) policy (Bird Cassell, 2013, p.79). The trainer needs to realize and have the fore front of their mind when designing training packages that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“your own preference can infect the way you design your trainingà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  (Bird Cassell, 2013, p. 92). Not being aware of this can make the training you design and deliver in theory worthwhile and beneficial to the trainee but in reality can be unbalanced to all learning styles and detrimental to your audience. Striking a balanced approach to training will ensure that the training being delivered is worth wile and productive. This approach whilst seems to be à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“common senseà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  seems to be forgotten as trainers and course designers become single minded in the way they develop training especially in this ever digital social world. It is recommended that adopting a blended learning approach to training and training techniques, (Bird Cassell, 2013, p.13). which adopts face to fa ce exposure in the classroom with other related activities. This approach is best used and incorporates the benefits of both the individual and the organisations needs are both met. (Egan, n.d). 1.2 Assignment Aim The aim of this assignment is to distinguish between different learning styles and strategies that can be employed within the workplace to enable the author to design and deliver a training package for Equipment Table (ET) Sponsors to attend prior to a new version of the application being rolled out across Defence. This is due as a result of a major software application upgrade within the Defence Equipment Table arena which was a result of a budget savings measure bought about an organisation change was brought into service in September 2011. 1.3 Assignment Limitations Due to a project delivery over run, the course design and associated manuals are based on a version that is imminently about to go live. The training was thus conducted by ET Sponsors on a system that was not in service. Depending on the length of project over run this training may need to be re-run to ensure application familiarity when the system goes à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“liveà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ . To carry out this assignment, two areas of research were acknowledged; the research of reports, internet, journals and texts and the development of training materials in order to deliver a course for application users. These are all secondary sources and will provide qualitative information. Information was used to gain knowledge within the organisational learning and training arena, then subsequently used to understand how we learn and design and deliver a software application training package to Equipment Table Sponsors (ET Sponsors) as a demonstration of this knowledge. By co-relating these methods together it is envisaged that the author has gained sufficient materiel to inform the discussion and produce a coherent and comprehensive training package. 1.4 Assignment Background The Equipment Table Information System (ETIS) Project began on 2 May 08 and was delivered at the beginning of September 11. The requirement was identified due to the obsolescence of the old Army Equipment Table Production Centre (ETPC) FoxPro application (Adams, 2012, p. 7). Subsequently due to the manner in which the project was managed, the requirement for an upgraded version was quickly identified to satisfy the current application versions capability shortfalls. As a direct result of the implementation of this new version, a planned change was envisaged by the project manager and the customer in the way that future business was going to be conducted. Despite this change requirement, the training line of development had been overlooked and the user community has been left with an application upgrade which is significantly different than the previous version which, in turn, replaced the legacy application with no formal training or user manuals. The project board for this applica tion did not foresee the requirement for a training plan but as the project has moved forward, this requirement has been identified as a shortfall within the project. This has shown a lack of configuration control within the project but also how to manage the change of business process and keep the senior user and key stakeholders involved in the process (The Office of Government Commerce, 2009, p. 95). 1.5 Assignment Methodology Due to the restriction that the application is not yet live and will be after submission of this assignment due to technical issues with other Defence IS applications connectivity, the author decided to pilot the training to ensure that the training package was available once the application is live. Prior to the training being delivered, the author decided to conduct a pilot run. This was done using the authorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s previous experience of conducting surveys and using a similar process of conducting pilot surveys. Polit, Beck Hungler, (2001, p. 467) state that a pilot study can be used as a à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“small scale version or trial run in preparation for a major studyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ . The purpose of this pilot training was to validate the survey and to serve as a dry run ensuring that any logistical qualitative issues pertaining to the training are resolved prior to the main survey being deployed. De Vaus, (2002, p. 54) advises researchers to à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“check to see if there are any ambiguities or if the respondents have any difficulty in respondingà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ . By piloting the training it is envisaged that the author has managed to avoid misleading, inappropriate or redundant training. The pilot training was conducted by two colleagues who work within Defence Inventory Management. They were invited to complete the training and provide any feedback on the survey paying particular attention to the following areas: Training Order. Wording/Terminology. Time taken to complete the training. Ease of use of the ETIS User Process Guide. Whilst the sample population should be a portion of the population to be surveyed, (Polit, Beck Hungler, 2001, p. 234), the author decided to use a sample population that did not work within the field of British Army Equipment Tables nor use a sample population that is representative of the population being trained. The author believes that the chosen personnel would provide a completely impartial and objective assessment of the survey. As they work within Defence Inventory management the sample is similar to the population being trained, this has assisted in ensuring that any training bias is kept to a minimum (Polit, Beck Hungler, 2001, p. 234). The pilot sample size represents 6.06% of the total population the final training package will train. On closure of the pilot training package, 100% of those invited to participate responded to the user feedback. Respondents found the training easy to follow but as the training was conducted without access to the application able the y were unable to say if the training combined with the application would run smoothly but could see how the interaction of PowerPoint ® and the application would work, in principle. An area of feedback was the inclusion of a progress counter. As a result of this feedback the author changed the layout and added a progress bar to each page. The author also added a more comprehensive brief about the user process guide at the beginning, explaining how the guide can be used and how it can be used a desk top guide outside of this training. The training package can be found at Appendix A of this report. The feedback from the piloted training package commented on the following areas: PowerPoint ® theme. It was noted that the main theme for the presentation should be changed from our corporate theme to another theme as we as a Top Level Budget (TLB) do not own this training package, just have complied it. The training package will be owned by the Defence College of Logistics, All Arms Wing (DCLAAW). Instructor Notes. The screen shot contained within the instructor notes were particularly small, making their value negligible and was suggested that they should be larger. The author was complemented on the fact that as a package 100% of those who piloted the training said à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ that with a modicum of preparatory revision, they could present the courseà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ . The author, after some reflection, looked at the comments made from the piloted survey and has made the following amendments to the training package prior to delivery once the system has gone à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“liveà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ . PowerPoint ® theme. The author having taken this information on board contacted the DCLAAW and had a discussion with them about ownership of the training package. At the end of the discussion it was agreed that they would sponsor the package, as it was related to a Logistic IS application. But the content of the training was owned by the Senior User within the community and they would be responsible for future updates and package delivery, which the Senior User has agreed too. This resulted in the user adopting the PowerPoint ® theme for DCLAAW. Instructor Notes. Having had a discussion about the PowerPoint ® theme, the author then addressed the issue of the pictures in the lesson plans for each slide and the fact that the pictures were on the small side. The pictures in the lesson plan are to give the instructor, especially inexperienced, a quick reference guide to what slide is coming next, a visual guide in the presentation. Whilst the author disagrees with this and believes that they add little value to the trainer. The author is somewhat restricted in removing these from the training plans as this layout is standard practice within the DCLAAW and as they are the sponsor of the training package. The author felt obligated that they should keep within the spirit of the training establishment and retain the pictures. The author verbally thanked the pilot participants for their assistance and for their kind words of encouragement. The author recognises that once the training is formally delivered to the user community more amendments from the post course evaluation will have to be incorporated to the training package. 1.6 Literature Review This literature review only covers learning theories, whilst the author has had to research and develop knowledge in other disciplines, the author feels that the focus on one discipline for this review is sufficient as this may make the literature review become too wide and varied and lose relevance to this assignment. The author has noted that the field of learning styles is not unified as one but comes across in 3 different fields of study: theoretical, teaching and commercial. This brought complications for the author and was somewhat unexpected. These problems can be seen as: This is a multi disciplined area and has authors from fields including but not exclusive to psychology, sociology, business studies, management and education. This comes with its own issues as the authors will interpret the various evidence in their own discipline terms and possibly be steered by their own subjects theories and possibly tailored to suite their own subjects perspective. Commercialism is promoting certain, models, styles or inventories. This has led to certain models becoming more popular than others. In the UK for example Kolbà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Learning Style Inventory (LSI) and Honey and Mumfordà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Learning Styles Questionnaire (LSQ) are widely known and used. The gains for the creators of these models is huge but also any critical activity into the theory and empirical elements of their model claims are seen as unfavourable (Coffield, Moseley, Hall Ecclestone, 2004a, p. 2). Research is completed for differing purposes. Some aim to contribute to theory and do not intend for their model to be used in mainstream use, whilst others develop to be used by individuals in all disciplines. The author was presented with a very large amount of information available for the literature review, this made it difficult to review especially as the author is not a specialist in any of the aforementioned disciplines. This meant that the author was hit by a wave of unknowing what was relevant, current etc . This was further emphasised by the Learning and Skills Research Centreà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s 2004 study (Coffield et al, 2004a, p. 1) which identified 71 models of learning styles and was initially used by the author to try and get a firm appreciation of the task at hand. Due to this the author became more aware of overlap between learning styles and other learning aspects. This was further put into context, (Reid, 2005, p.56) who explained that learning styles were connected to seven other aspects of learning and depending and as each area had different interpretations which may cause confusion. The author certainly believes that this is true and learning is a subject that does not fit neatly into its own box but in fact is a à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Russian Dollà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ . This was typified by Curryà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s 1987 evaluation of learning styles by the use of the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“onion model of learning stylesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ , (Coffield et al, 2004a, p. 8). Whilst Curryà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s model is referencing learning styles you can clearly see his model used to explain the interconnections of learning styles (at the centre of the onion) and the seven other aspects (the next seven layers of the onion) so as you peel away each layer or another aspect you get closer to understanding the subject at the core of the subject, in this case learning styles. Kolb defines learning theory as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“the process whereby knowledge is created through the transformation of experience. Knowledge results from the combination of grasping and transforming experienceà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  (Kolb, 1986, p. 38). His model places experience as the core element of the l earning process. The author agrees with this but also believes that the theory fails to explain the importance of knowledge to complete the learning cycle. Just because an individual experiences activity does not necessarily mean that the individual has understood what has been done or more importantly why or how it works in relation to other activities especially if it is part of a system. This is due to having to choose which continuum is applicable for that learning experience, grasping or transforming, (Dochy, Gijbels, Segers, Van Den Bossche, 2011, p. 57), as the learner is forced to choose as they cannot do both simultaneously.

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Crime Is A Major Problem - 898 Words

Literature review Crime is a major problem in Memphis (the Bluff City) that have reached numerous communities in areas such as Frayser (Anthony, Hunter, Jewell, Johnson, Mooreland, 2006). Crime has been a major concern in the bluff city. However, there are certain crimes that are more alarming than others in this region. Crimes such as homicides, home invasions, and kidnapping. Due to the frequencies of the crimes, my focus will center on the problem of assaults and burglaries in the North Memphis area that occur on a daily basis (Buchner, 1998). Assaults An â€Å"assault is defined as an unlawful attack on another person for the purpose of afflicting serious physical injury† (Alexander, 2003, p. 13). An assault is usually achieved by the use of a weapon to inflict death or great bodily harm. Assaults have increased in the city of Memphis when viewing a 10 year trend (Alexander, 2003). According to Fyfe (1982) Memphis rates for assaults toward African American individuals were higher compared to Caucasian individuals. â€Å"The disparity yields a black death from police shootings while unarmed and no assaultive were 5.4 percentage to 100,000 of the population. This rate was 18 times higher than the comparable white race of 0.3† (Fyfe, 1982). The individuals who experienced assaults by officers were unarmed and the end result was death. Burglaries â€Å"Memphis is ranked first in the nation for the highest number of burglaries per 100,000 population† (Buchner, 1998). â€Å"BurglaryShow MoreRelatedCrime Is Not A Major Problem1855 Words   |  8 Pagescritique ?Crime is not a major problem in Australia?. 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Tuesday, May 5, 2020

Ancient Greece Arts and Architecture Essay Example For Students

Ancient Greece: Arts and Architecture Essay This civilization had many accomplishments such as those in art, architecture, Sports, government, and education. One accomplishment that the Greeks have made has to do With the art. Arts and architecture had become a way of living for ancient Greece. Because Grecian life was dominated by religion, Greek temples became the first Of the Grecian architectural structures. They happened to be the biggest and most detailed temples of any other religion. These structures were built to worship the Olympian gods. The architecture of these temples were amazing. The Greeks built three architectural systems, which were different columns, often called orders. These three orders were called Doric, Ionics, and Corinthians. The Doric order was a quite plain yet sturdy. It became used as the main system in Greece. You can see this order in the Parthenon which was built around 500 BCC. The Ionic order was thinner and slightly more elaborate than the Doric order. It was mainly found in eastern Greece. This order was built on buildings such as the Researcher. The Researcher was built between 421 and ASS BCC. The last order, which was the Corinthians order, was seldom used in Greek temples. This order was far more elaborate than the other two. It was designed with different leaves on top of it, Although rarely used by the Greeks it can still be found in the temple of Apollo at Base which was built around 420 BCC_ Greek art has had one of the most profound effects on art throughout the years. Greek art really started to come alive during the golden age, which was twine 480 through 323 BCC. Art during this period became known as Classical Art. This time was the turning point for Grecian art in Which the most exquisite sculptures of Greece known today came into existence. The Greeks were the first to portray life-size male figures in sculptures and make them more realistic. They also were the first to master the sculpting of marble. They created sculptures that showed movement and expression. The best example of this was the sculpture called the Discloses. The Grecian have also been superior in sports and entertainment. Ancient Greeks were extremely competitive, They would hold athletic contests in honor of their gods. As a result, they came up with games that were known as the Olympics, which started around 700 BCC, in honor of their god named Zeus. The Olympics in ancient Greece were apart tooth tour festivals held at the Isthmus of Corinth and was known as a crown game, This was because the only award for winning any tooth games was a wreath-like crown. In 472 BCC the Olympics was only a one day event with only two events which soon expanded to a five day event with many different events. These events included foot races, wrestling, going, horse-racing, the discus, and the long jump. Greece had the first known democracy that gave citizens the opportunity to vote on political issues Around 800 BCC most people lived in city-states that ever governed only by rich landowners known as aristocrats. Because they lived in city-states, they felt like a local government was the best. Therefore, most Of the city states in ancient Greece had different types of governments. In 750 BCC Greece became to be controlled by a council better known as Europeans. Laws and things of the sort were carried out by three men who were magistrates. These magistrates were also known as archons. In SIS BCC democracy came into existence by a man named Calisthenics. As result they became governed by a confederacy. The city-state of Athens was the first to create a democratic government. Little after that all the rest of the city-states followed. The Greeks set up certain ways to vote such as voting with stones and counting the votes publicly so there will be no cheating. Even though there was voting, this right still was not given to everyone. No foreigners or Greeks form other city-states, women, slaves, or children could vote. .ue670771193bdbeb6631412b311a5c780 , .ue670771193bdbeb6631412b311a5c780 .postImageUrl , .ue670771193bdbeb6631412b311a5c780 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ue670771193bdbeb6631412b311a5c780 , .ue670771193bdbeb6631412b311a5c780:hover , .ue670771193bdbeb6631412b311a5c780:visited , .ue670771193bdbeb6631412b311a5c780:active { border:0!important; } .ue670771193bdbeb6631412b311a5c780 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ue670771193bdbeb6631412b311a5c780 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ue670771193bdbeb6631412b311a5c780:active , .ue670771193bdbeb6631412b311a5c780:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ue670771193bdbeb6631412b311a5c780 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ue670771193bdbeb6631412b311a5c780 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ue670771193bdbeb6631412b311a5c780 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ue670771193bdbeb6631412b311a5c780 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ue670771193bdbeb6631412b311a5c780:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ue670771193bdbeb6631412b311a5c780 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ue670771193bdbeb6631412b311a5c780 .ue670771193bdbeb6631412b311a5c780-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ue670771193bdbeb6631412b311a5c780:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Pornification in fashion EssayEducation turned out to be a big part to Grecian culture also. There were different rules for boys and girls in education. A the age of seven, boys were sent to military school where they joined certain groups that were sternly disciplined. Between the ages of seven to eighteen they endured intense training. At eighteen they became military cadets learning the art of war. At this age they were given difficult test of fitness, military ability, and leadership skills to complete. Twenty they became apart of the state militia where they served until the became sixty years of age. The girls went to school around six or seven _ They were taught gymnastics, wrestling, and different combat skills. They were trained just as thoroughly as the men. Grecian believed Strong women make strong babies. At eighteen, they ever to take fitness tests, from this they would be assigned a spouse and sent back home. If she failed the test she would lose he rights as a citizen and become a member of the middle class Greece has become one Of the greatest ancient civilizations ever. The ancient Grecian empire has developed some of the greatest ideas of its time.